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For other places with the same name, see Toronto (disambiguation).

Toronto is a huge city with several district articles containing sightseeing, restaurant, nightlife and accommodation listings ? consider printing them all.

Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. It is located on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. With over 2.5 million residents, it is the fifth most populous municipality in North America. Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) which contains 6.2 million people, and is part of a larger combined region in Southern Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe, totalling over 8.1 million residents making up approximately 25% of Canada's population. The city began as a backwoods, English trading post in 1793, but has grown to be the cultural and economic focus of English Canada. Owing largely to the country's liberal immigration policies of the 1960's, and the region's strong economy, Toronto has, in recent decades, been transformed into one of the most culturally and ethnically diverse cities in the world. More than 80 ethnic communities are represented, and over half of the city's residents were born outside Canada.

When Metropolitan Toronto amalgamated its six internal cities into one in 1998, it created a new "mega-city" known simply as Toronto. Covering more than 600 square kilometres, Toronto stretches some 32 kilometres along the shores of Lake Ontario, and includes a dense, urban core surrounded by a ring of suburbs. The city is laid out on a very straightforward grid pattern and streets rarely deviate from the grid, except if there's a significant landmark in the way. As such, it is extremely easy to navigate. Many of the city's districts and neighbourhoods are named after the intersections in the street grid upon which they are centred (e.g., Church and Wellesley, Yonge and Eglinton, Jane and Finch).

Psychologically, most Torontonians view the city from an east/west dichotomy, with Yonge Street (pronounced Young) being the dividing line. The "old" city of Toronto (before it was merged into the larger mega-city) is the dense, urban core of the city. Downtown Toronto is the heart of this urban core, with Yonge Street running almost directly in the middle of this district. Immediately north of Downtown is Midtown, the city's first streetcar suburb. The West End is generally considered to be everything west of Bathurst St., while the East End is generally viewed as areas to the east of Jarvis St., but sometimes east of the Don River.

From there, the city's suburban districts (which were once independent cities, themselves) ? Etobicoke, North York and Scarborough ? extend outward to the city's outer boundaries. While there are pockets of density in these districts, they tend to more resemble your typical, older, post-war North American suburb.

Bordered by Front St. to the south, Dupont St. to the north, Bathurst St. to the west and Jarvis St. to the east. This area contains many of the tourist attractions and amenities the city has to offer, this area is commonly referred to by Torontonians as the "Downtown Core" or more simply just as "the core".

The Southernmost part of the district includes the busy downtown financial district with its banks and institutions fuelling the city's financial engine, including Canada's largest stock exchange (and North America's third largest), the TSX.

To the southeast, there is the bustling and impressive St. Lawrence Market at Jarvis St. and King St, a must-see attraction for any visitor to the city willing to visit during its peak hours on a Saturday morning. Further west contains one of the largest nightlife districts in North America, bordered by Simcoe St. to the east, Queen St. to the north, Bathurst to the west and King St. to the south.

The theatre district is also largely based in Central Toronto, along King St. with the Princess of Wales Theatre, Royal Alexandra Theatre and Roy Thompson Hall located within the same block. Furthermore, the city's opera house (The Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts) is also near this area at the corner of University Ave. and Queen St., hosting both the Canadian Opera Company and the National Ballet of Canada. Other major theatres in central Toronto include the Sony Centre, Panasonic Theatre and the Canon Theatre. Visit during the first two weeks of July to experience the Toronto Fringe Festival consisting of over 150 plays, dance productions and other performing arts fare, all located within or near to the Annex.

Toronto's most important shopping districts are also located here: Toronto's largest downtown shopping centre, The Eaton Centre; The varied offerings of Yonge St.; The trendy, youthful boutiques of Queen West; and the upscale boutiques of Bloor St. West and Yorkville. Central Toronto also contains Toronto's most important sporting venues, including the Air Canada Centre & the Rogers Centre.

In addition to these varied attractions, central Toronto is also the academic and scholastic heart of the city, with the massive St. George campus of the University of Toronto taking up a large chunk of the northwest portion of this district. The heart of the university-oriented neighbourhood of the Annex also runs along Bloor St. West from Spadina Ave. to just west of Bathurst St., where a multitude of restaurants, bars & lounges, book stores, and other shops are located. Toronto's highest concentration of bookstores are located in the Annex, with dozens of eclectic choices to be found on Harbord St., Bloor St., Spadina Ave. and Bathurst St.

North America's second-largest Chinatown is on Spadina Ave., between Queen St. West and College St., with several cross-streets like Dundas St. radiating outwards from Dundas and Spadina, and containing many Chinese and East Asian restaurants, shops and businesses.

Adjacent to Chinatown is Kensington Market, one of the most eclectic and unique locations in the entire city. Everything from fresh food markets to restaurants and bars, vintage clothing boutiques, spice markets, and music shops are all contained in two small north-south streets and a handful of cross-streets.

Home to some of Toronto's most expensive shops and restaurants, Yorkville is Hollywood North's home away from home and the focal point of the Toronto International Film Festival, which rivals Cannes as the most important film festival in the world.

Toronto's medical research community also finds its home on University Ave., where many of the city's best hospitals can be found. The world-renowned Hospital for Sick Children is located here, as well as other world-renowned institutions such as Toronto General (Heart), Princess Margaret (Cancer), Mt. Sinai (Obstetrics), and the nearby administrative headquarters of the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health.

Central Toronto is also home to a thriving gay community, based mainly in and around Church St., between Carlton St. and Bloor St.. The Gay Village, as its known, has been an important facet of Toronto life for many years, and is a must-see destination for any visitor to the city, homosexual or otherwise.

Central Toronto is also home to the newly renovated Royal Ontario Museum with its striking, controversial Libeskind Crystal, and Frank Gehry's beautiful, sublime renovation of the Art Gallery of Ontario. Each of these sites are world-class institutions with permanent installations to rival the best museums and galleries in the world, and also attract many touring exhibitions from museums and galleries from all over the world.

Divided into two distinct sections, East Toronto includes the East Downtown and the East End, across the Don Valley from downtown.

East Downtown: Roughly bordered by Jarvis St. in the West, the Don Valley in the East, Bloor St. to the North and Lake Ontario to the south. One of the city's oldest neighbourhoods, the East downtown is a tremendously varied area that contains some of the poorest and wealthiest enclaves in the city.

In the south, the Portlands contain Toronto's industrial core, and are also home to the Distillery District, a refurbished 19th century distillery that used to be a prominent location for film shoots and is now home to a number of restaurants, art galleries, coffee shops, and bars.

To the north, a largely residential area contains some of Toronto's oldest Victorian townhouses and rowhouses, as well as a variety of shops and businesses along King St., Richmond St., Adelaide St., and Queen St, including a multitude of antique shops and high-end furniture shops. North of Queen St., some of Toronto's oldest housing projects can be found, including Moss Park and Regent Park, which is currently in the process of being demolished and rebuilt into mixed-use / mixed-income housing. In the streets surrounding these housing projects, one can find million-dollar Victorians on the same block as group homes, rooming houses, and homeless shelters. Many of the city's outreach programs and institutions are located in the east downtown, which attracts a large transient population to the area. The area can often present striking contrasts, with charming, tree-lined residential streets opening up to poverty-stricken avenues where conspicuous homelessness and drug use is prevalent. Along Jarvis St., and Sherbourne, some of Toronto's old Victorian mansions can still be found, if not visited. At Sherbourne and Wellesley is the massive low-income housing complex, St. Jamestown, home to an extremely varied population of recent immigrants from all over the world. Adjacent to St. Jamestown is the neighbourhood of Cabbagetown, with its restored hundred-year-old Victorians and quiet, tree-lined streets. Over thelast century, sections of this neighbourhood has gone from been one of the poorest in Canada to the one of toniest, with soaring real estate proces, particularly in the last two decades. Cabbagetown's main commercial thoroughfare is Parliament, which becomes quite vibrant north of Carlton, with a variety of bars, restaurants, coffee shops and retail stores.

East End: Made up of Riverdale, Leslieville, East York & the Beaches. The East end is a varied, vibrant part of town. Largely residential, the East end is defined by its major thoroughfares (Queen St. E, Dundas St., E, Gerrard St. E, the Danforth), where the majority of the attractions are located, and the residential streets where most of the neighbourhood's residents live. These residential streets are quiet and shaded by old oaks and maples, and contain old homes and townhouses of an astonishing variety of architectural styles. Embedded within these residential streets are a number of large parks, including Riverdale Park, with its breathtaking view of the skyline, Withrow Park, Greenwood Park, Jimmie Simpson Park, Kew Gardens, Beaches Park, and countless smaller neighbourhood parks.

Two of the highlights of the East End are the Danforth, which is the heart of Greektown, the largest Greek neighbourhood in North America, and Queen East with its diverse offerings. Greektown stretches from Broadview Ave. to Donlands Ave., and is full of Greek restaurants and businesses, as well as bars, cafes, and retail shops. Because the subway runs along Danforth, there is a substantial population in the area as well as a steady stream of non-residents who visit the neighbourhood's shops and restaurants, making it a busy, bustling, vibrant place, especially on weekends and during the summer, when the Tastes of the Danforth festival brings over one million participants to the neighbourhood over two days in August.

The other major highlight of the East End is Queen East, which stretches for many blocks from Broadview all the way to Neville Park, this stretch passes through the neibourhoods of South Riverdale over to Leslieville. Along the western portion of Queen East, an enormous revitalization effort has been under way, transforming an area that was once known for little more than its booze-cans, cheap diners, and tacky furniture shops into one of the hippest up-and-coming areas in the city. A plethora of new restaurants, eateries, bars, bakeries and shops have made this a real gastronomic destination, and since it has been the centre of Toronto's film industry for years, the Queen East has finally reached a tipping point, drawing in hip, young, upwardly mobile people from all over the GTA, transforming the area from a low-rent backwater into a trendsetter reminiscent of Queen West in the early 90's.

If you venture further east on Queen, past Woodbine, the long-established Beaches neighbourhood attracts thousands of visitors during the summer, who dine and drink in its restaurants and bars, walk the boardwalk by the lake, sunbathe on the sand beach, bring the kids to the park at Kew Gardens, or walk around the residential streets with their unique homes and laid-back atmosphere. Of course, these are not the only attractions the East End has to offer: there's also 'Chinatown East along Gerrard @ Broadview, a smaller, quieter version of Spadina's Chinatown with many fresh food markets and restaurants; the Little India neighbourhood on Gerrard between Greenwood and Woodbine is especially lively in the summertime when South Asians from all over the GTA descend on the neighbourhood to catch a Bollywood flick at one of the only Bollywood movie theatres in the city, enjoy barbecued corn on the street, chew paan purchased from one of the specialized vendors, browse the many shops, jewelry stores, and sari boutiques, or eat in one of a number of South Asian restaurants.

Perhaps the largest portion of the city, this includes dozens of neighbourhoods, and can be divided into two separate areas for the purpose of this guide: South of Dupont St., which includes some of the city's most vibrant inner-city neighbourhoods; and the area between Dupont and the 401, which includes many unique residential neighbourhoods and some of Toronto's best-hidden gems.

South of Dupont St.: This geographical area covers a large chunk of the city, including essentially everything from Lakeshore Blvd. in the south, up to the Dupont St. in the north, and from Bathurst St. in the east all the way to Jane St. in the west. Because it is such a large area, there are many neighbourhoods contained in its boundaries, and dozens more attractions contained within each of these individual neighbourhoods. Starting in the west, at the southern end of the district is Liberty Village and Queen St. West to the north. These two areas have become the epicentre of young, hip Toronto, and include many of the city's hottest bars, lounges and cafes, including the famous Drake Hotel. In addition to the youth-oriented shops and boutiques along Queen West, there are also a number of galleries, particularly in Liberty Village, the once derelict industrial area that has recently been revitalized and turned into lofts, home to many of Toronto's young artists and musicians. North of Queen West and Liberty Village is Little Portugal, centred on Dundas St. West and College St. west of Ossington. While the name of the neighbourhood is pretty self-explanatory, some of Toronto's finest Victorians can be found on the north-south residential streets that stretch from Queen St. to Bloor St., including many historic properties. The main thoroughfares are lined with many Portuguese businesses, though the neighbourhood caters to many ethnicities and is one of the most diverse in the downtown area.

College St. between Bathurst and Ossington is one of two Italian neighbourhoods in the West End, and is the older and more established of the two. Even though many of the original Italian residents have left for the suburbs, College St. remains one of the West End's most vibrant areas, and is one of the most popular nightlife hot-spots outside the entertainment district. Dozens of trendy bars, nightclubs and lounges line College, along with all kinds of restaurants and cafes, as well as bakeries, delis, and retail shops many of which maintain a decidedly Italian flavor. The residential neighbourhood around College is extremely popular with renters and homeowners, and densely packed with homes, townhouses, and old walk-up apartments.

North of College is a decidedly anonymous stretch of Harbord that is an extension of the Little Portugal neighbourhood which continues up to Bloor St. West, which morphs from Little Korea west of the Annex, to a hodge-podge of ethnic eateries and businesses between Christie and Dufferin. West of Dufferin, Bloor St. runs through the working-class neighbourhood of Junction Triangle, which is undergoing a much-needed revitalization as derelict industrial buildings are converted in loft, studios, and residential units. The dense residential neighbourhood that makes up the Junction Triangle has a strong Portuguese character, and is home to a high rate of rental units.

Where Dundas crosses Bloor just west of Lansdowne, it snakes north and becomes the Junction proper, an old blue collar neighbourhood with a conservative history and a slew of historic old buildings lining its main thoroughfare. The Junction was a dry neighbourhood up until a few years ago, which has kept many young people from moving to the neighbourhood, and prevented the neighbourhood from undergoing the rapid development and change other west-end neighbourhoods have experienced as older residents move out and make way for newer ones. As a result, the Junction has a unique character that distinguishes it from other Toronto neighbourhoods.

Bloor St. west of Dundas, on the other hand, is the upscale neighbourhood of High Park. High Park is both Toronto's largest park and a residential neighbourhood with two major thoroughfares: Bloor St. & Annette St. West of High Park between Runnymede and Jane is Bloor West Village, an upscale, family neighbourhood with an eclectic variety of bars, eateries, shops and cafes. Bloor St. and Annette are the major thoroughfares, though Bloor St. is busier and more established because the subway passes through. Markland Wood [1] is the most western residential community along Bloor St. and Toronto.

To the south, Dufferin marks the eastern boundary of Parkdale, an older residential neighbourhood in Toronto's southwest end. Although Parkdale is often associated with urban blight and social problems, it is actually home to some of the city's most stunning Victorian homes. Furthermore, as renters are priced out of locations further east, Queen West seems to push further and further west along with the young hipsters who fuel it. Parkdale is now home to many art galleries, furniture boutiques, trendy lounges, and antique stores along King St. and Queen St. W. The western border of Parkdale, Roncesvalles, is a street with a long history that has recently shed its quaint Eastern European character and adopted a more modern, sophisticated flavor, complete with jazz bars, trendy restaurants, bakeries, and the many gorgeous residential streets lined with stately Victorian homes that surround it. Roncesvalles also combines ground-level businesses with multi-story apartments on top, creating a dense streetscape that is busy and bustling during the summer months and is conveniently located steps from High Park.

This area covers the enormous swath of land north of downtown Toronto. The region includes Toronto's wealthiest neighbourhoods, such as Rosedale. It also has several extremely vibrant neighbourhoods, mostly centred along Yonge St and Eglinton and St Clair Avenues. Due to the location of the subway, the stretch along Yonge Street also has several high density office-shopping-residential districts including several of the tallest buildings outside of downtown, the focal point being the Yonge-Eglinton intersection.

The Toronto Islands lies in Lake Ontario, just offshore from the Canadian city of Toronto. They are connected to the mainland by the Toronto Island Ferry Services, which provide access to the islands for recreational visitors, access to the mainland for island residents, and access to Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport, which is located at the western end of the island chain.The Toronto Island is a chain of islands in Toronto harbour and home to a small residential community, an airport, a small amusement park, kilometers of bike trails, spectacular city views, picnic grounds and even a clothing-optional beach. The short and inexpensive ferry ride alone is worth the trip, but one can easily spend a relaxing day or two here. The islands comprise the largest urban car-free community in North America, though some service vehicles are permitted. Recreational bicyclists are accommodated on the ferries, and bicycles, quadracycles, and canoes can be rented on the islands as well.

The central area hosts Centreville, a children's amusement park which was built in 1967 with a turn-of-the-century theme. The park includes a miniature railway and Far Enough Farm, and is open daily in summer.

There are several swimming beaches on the islands, including Centre Island Beach, Gibraltar Point Beach, Hanlan's Point Beach and Ward's Island Beach. Hanlan's Point Beach includes an officially recognized clothing optional section.

Recreational boating has been popular on the islands for over a century. The Islands are home to four yacht clubs: Harbour City Yacht Club, Island Yacht Club, Queen City Yacht Club and the Royal Canadian Yacht Club. There is a public marina, the Toronto Island Marina, and several smaller clubs including the Toronto Island Sailing Club, the Sunfish Cut Boat Club and the Toronto Island Canoe Club. There is also a dragon boat regatta course and grandstand, where the Toronto International Dragon Boat Race Festival is held annually.

For many years, Caribana has held an annual arts festival at Olympic Island on the Simcoe Day weekend. Other Island events include the Olympic Island Festival, an annual rock concert initiated in 2004 by Sloan's Jay Ferguson.

North York, north of the former City of Toronto, City of York and Borough of East York, comprises about 25% of the land area of the new City of Toronto (or the old Metro Toronto). North York is home to Parc Downsview Park, Canada's first national urban park, Downsview Airport (used by Bombardier Aerospace) and the North York Performing Arts Centre. The Willowdale area is the focal for higher density development in North York, including condominium and office hi-rises and is the location of the North Civic Centre.

Etobicoke, in the west, comprises about 20% of the total land area of formal Toronto and is largely industrial and suburban in urban makeup. It is not as well served by public transit as denser areas of Toronto. Kipling station (along Dundas St. West) is the western terminus of the Toronto subway. The airport service area and hotels, most airport facilities are located within Mississauga, just to the west. Possible other sites of interest include major parks and shopping centres, although Mimico has a somewhat small town feel with a Condominium boom in progress and the extensive Humber Bay Park for recreation.

Scarborough has characteristics of a suburb of old Toronto, but retains much of its own character and flavour. Certain neighbourhoods in Scarborough are popular destinations for new immigrants to Canada, who bring their own culture to Scarborough. Because of the topography of the Bluffs, the Rouge Valley, and other creeks and minor tributaries, Scarborough is said to be the greenest and leafiest part of Toronto, despite some generalizations of it as a moonscape of post-war surbaban development. It covers the east part of Toronto and is home to the Toronto Zoo.

York is formerly a separate city, it was one of six municipalities that amalgamated in 1998 to form the current city of Toronto. Its population, as of the 2001 census, was 150,255, the second smallest of the six former municipalities, yet it is one of the most ethnically diverse. By the 2006 census, the population had fallen somewhat to 143,255.

The York Civic Centre is located at 2700 Eglinton Avenue West, between Black Creek Drive and Keele Street, near York's Museum and York Memorial Collegiate Institute.

York has a local community newspaper called the York Guardian. It is published by Metroland Media Group, which also publishes several other local papers in the Toronto area.

East York was formerly a semi-autonomous borough within the overall municipality of Metropolitan Toronto before East York, North York, York, Scarborough, Etobicoke and Toronto were amalgamated into the new "megacity" of Toronto in 1998. One of East York's claims to fame was that, before the amalgamation, it was Canada's only borough.

It is separated by the Don River from the former City of Toronto. Traditional East York is southeast of the river, and the neighbourhoods of Leaside, Bennington Heights and densely-populated Thorncliffe Park are northwest of the river. The heart of East York is filled with middle-class and working-class homes, with extensive high-rise developments along peripheral major streets and in Crescent Town and Thorncliffe Park.

East York is also home to various sports teams. The hockey teams are the Bulldogs, playing out of East York Arena, and Victoria Village, playing out of Victoria Village arena. Both leagues offer entry level and competitive select hockey for various ages, being played in the North York Hockey League. East York is home to East York Soccer, playing out of East York Collegiate, and Clairlea Soccer, playing out of various locations, who both offer entry level and competitive soccer for all ages. Baseball wise, East York is home to organizations such as East York and Topham Park. East York provides entry level and AAA baseball for all ages, while Topham Park only provides entry level. East York is also home to a provincially-known figure skating club, a gymnastics club, a lawn bowling club, and a curling club.

In 1998, the cities of Toronto, Scarborough, North York, Etobicoke, and York and the Borough of East York amalgamated to form the current City of Toronto. This is also known as Metropolitan Toronto or "the 416" after its area code (although now there are some new area codes, the overwhelming number of area codes in the Toronto are still "416") and has a population of over 2.6 million people. More than half of these were born in some country other than Canada - a fact obvious to any visitor immediately, as the city has many vibrant bustling neighbourhoods with street signs in several languages.

Toronto and its surrounding suburbs are collectively known as the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). Outlying suburbs are also known as "the 905" after their area code, although technically this code is also used in both Hamilton and the Niagara Region, stretching to the border in Niagara Falls. The entire area including Toronto is known as the "Golden Horseshoe" and has a population of over 8 million people.

A popular urban myth has it that the United Nations rated Toronto as "the most multicultural city in the world". While the UN and its agencies are not in the habit of rating cities, it remains a fact that Canada is a nation of immigrants, and Toronto demonstrates this abundantly. A UN agency lists Toronto as second only to Miami as the city with the most foreign born residents, but Toronto's residents represent far more cultural and language groups, which is arguably a better measure of multi-culturalism. Most immigrants either pass through Toronto on their way to other parts of the country, or they stay in Toronto permanently. Many born abroad immigrants consider themselves Canadian as much as born Canadians and will be offended if treated otherwise. This contributes to the overall cultural mosaic that is Toronto today. Within Toronto, most ethnic groups will work their way into the fabric of Canadian society but some still retain their distinct ways such as language, dress (for special occasions), customs, and food.

As a result of this cultural mosaic, Toronto is home to many ethnic festivals throughout the year. Toronto also boasts several radio stations which broadcast in various languages as well as at least two multicultural television channels. The City of Toronto officially deals in 16 different languages while the Toronto Transit Commission (public transit) has a helpline that deals in 70 languages. Even large department stores such as The Bay in downtown Toronto proudly advertise service in 9 languages. The lingua franca of Toronto however, remains English.

Toronto's climate is characterized by fairly cold and icy winters where temperatures average -4°C (24°F) in January, extreme cold experienced in much of the rest of Canada is rare and does not hold a tight grip for long, despite this winters are still cold. Contrary to Canadian climate stereotypes, the city experiences very warm and humid summers with an average high of 27°C (80°F) and a low of 18°C (65°F) in July with many muggy evenings. Late spring and early fall are generally considered to be the most pleasant times to visit, and summer is by far the busiest tourist season, but visitors will find that Toronto's vibrancy extends well through the winter with outdoor ice-rinks and bundled up clubgoers, etc. Toronto's public buildings are nearly all air-conditioned in summer, and are well heated in winter. Sometimes during the winter, severe storms can shut down the city for a day or two. In the summer, thunderstorms are common, most lasting less than an hour.

Toronto has several major league sports teams:

• Toronto Argonauts [2] - Canadian Football League, play at Rogers Centre.

• Toronto Blue Jays [3] - Major League Baseball, play at Rogers Centre.

• Toronto Maple Leafs [4] - National Hockey League, play at the Air Canada Centre.

• Toronto Raptors [5] - National Basketball Association, play at the Air Canada Centre.

• Toronto Rock [6] - National Lacrosse League, play at the Air Canada Centre.

• Toronto FC [7] - Major League Soccer, play at BMO Field on Exhibition Place grounds.
• Toronto Marlies [8] - American Hockey League (Toronto Maple Leafs farm team). Play at the Ricoh Coliseum.

The Air Canada Centre [9] (40 Bay Street) is sometimes referred to as "The Hangar".

The Rogers Centre [10] (1 Blue Jays Way) is often referred to by its original "SkyDome" name.

The Buffalo Bills [11] of the National Football League are under contract to play one exhibition and one regular season (home) game at the Rogers Centre through to the 2012 season.

Toronto Pearson International Airport (IATA: YYZ) [12] is about 30-50 minutes by car from the downtown core (depending on traffic) and is serviced by most major international carriers. There are two terminals: Terminal 1 hosts all Air Canada flights and a few other international (mostly Star Alliance) carriers while Terminal 3 hosts all other airlines.

Several options exist for getting downtown from Pearson:

• TTC (Toronto Transit Commission) [13] provides public bus services that run to and from Pearson. The best TTC option is the 192 Airport Rocket that runs every 10-30 minutes between Kipling Station on the Bloor-Danforth subway line (marked green on maps) and Pearson Airport. Kipling Station is the westernmost subway stop on the Bloor-Danforth line and it takes 1-1.5 hours to reach downtown. One way adult fare on the TTC is $3.00 (or $2.50 if tokens are purchased in multiples of five from an agent, or of four from a machine) which includes free transfers to other TTC buses or the subway. Tickets can be purchased from the Bureau de Change in Arrivals. When the subways stop running at around 1:30 AM, the 300A Bloor-Danforth night bus provides service along the subway line and goes directly to the airport.

• GO Transit [14] provides express buses to locations outside of Toronto's downtown. One runs from the airport to Yorkdale and York Mills subway stations in North York for $4.05. This takes about 35-45 minutes, followed by another 20 minutes on the subway to get downtown (one must pay a separate fare to board the subway; $3.00). A new GO Transit service offers service to/from the airport to Richmond Hill Centre. This bus service runs every 30 minutes from about 5:00AM to 1:00AM daily. The GO Bus Transit service between Square One and the airport no longer operates. Alternatively, Mississauga Transit [15] provides service options between Square One and the airport.

• Pacific Western Airport Express[16] operates a quick, convenient, and frequent bus service (every 20 minutes during peak periods and every 30 minutes on the off-peak). It picks up passengers at both terminals, and stops at several major hotels in the downtown core, as well as Union Station and the inter-city bus terminal at Bay and Dundas. Adult fares are $19.95 one way, $32.95 for round trips. There is a 10% discount for online reservations.

• Taxis run a flat rate of $40, while airport limousines go slightly higher at $50-70. Limousines are generally slightly larger (though not stretched) and more comfortable vehicles than taxis. Government approved rates can be found online [17].

Toronto City Centre Airport (IATA: YTZ) [18] (commonly known as "The Island Airport" by locals) handles short-haul regional flights only. Its main tenant is Porter Airlines [19], a low-cost carrier that operates flights using turboprop planes to many cities in eastern Canada (Ottawa, Montreal, Quebec City,Halifax and St. John's) and the northeast United States (Boston, Chicago, New York/Newark and Myrtle Beach). One of the main benefits of flying into this airport is its proximity to the downtown core. Upon landing, you can be downtown within ten minutes.

A free ferry service makes the short crossing (just 121 metres - the world's shortest regularly-scheduled ferry route) between TCCA and the mainland every 15 minutes, 6:45AM-10:07PM. Once on the mainland, a free shuttle bus connects the terminal with Union Station.

Hamilton International Airport (IATA: YHM) [20], located about 80 km from downtown Toronto and Niagara Falls, is served by the British budget airline Flyglobespan, as well as WestJet and Air Transat. Flyglobespan customers can take advantage of the shuttle service from the airport to downtown Toronto for ?9 (one-way) for UK customers or $17 (one-way) for Canadian customers. In Toronto, it drops off and picks up passengers at the Bond Place hotel (a block from the Dundas subway station). The shuttle to Hamilton leaves Toronto three hours prior to flight time. The shuttle must be booked in advance. Alternatively, you can take a $25 taxi ride to the Hamilton GO Station (36 Hunter Street East) in downtown Hamilton, where you can catch a GO commuter bus to Union Station in downtown Toronto ($9 one-way). Buses run every 30 minutes.

For frugal travellers coming from the United States, Buffalo-Niagara International Airport (IATA: BUF) [21] is another option, as flights to Buffalo tend to be significantly cheaper than to Pearson. Megabus [22] (prices vary, book early) runs from the Buffalo Airport to Toronto; the trip takes 3 hours (including the border crossing). Rental cars are available at the airport if you prefer to do the drive yourself. Buffalo Airport Limo [23] offers a flat rate of $175 to downtown Toronto from BUF.

The main bus terminal in Toronto, the Toronto Coach Terminal (also known as Bay Street Terminal or the Metro Toronto Coach Terminal), is used for intercity coach travel and is served by Greyhound, Coach Canada, New York Trailways, and Ontario Northland.

The bus terminal's main entrance is on Bay Street immediately north of Dundas and the terminal's departures building takes up the northern half of the block bounded by Bay Street, Dundas Street, Edward Street, and Elizabeth Street; the arrivals building is located immediately across Elizabeth Street from the departures building. The departures building is connected by the underground PATH walkway system to Dundas subway station on the Yonge line via the Atrium on Bay shopping centre. The terminal is also several blocks east of St Patrick subway station on the University-Spadina line. Unlike Union Station, the bus terminal has lockers in which people may store luggage, the cost is $3 for 24 hours and you must get a token from one of the token machines located next to the lockers; the lockers are located in the hallway connecting the departures building with the arrivals building, storing items in lockers overnight is not advisable as break-ins are common at night. Certain items too large to fit in a locker may be stored in the information booth at an extra cost.

Travelers should be aware that the bus terminal in Toronto is very poorly designed, forcing passengers to queue in a space that is little more than a shed with walls on two sides, as a result passengers queueing are forced to inhale the diesel exhaust fumes from the coaches as well as endure the cold winters and hot summers. In addition, there are often queues so long for the commuter coaches that they block other coaches from reaching their platforms. Platforms are also poorly mark, and it is not difficult to queue up for the wrong bus. Do not hesitate to ask anyone for help. Most people in the terminal have plenty of experience with it and understand how difficult it is for a tourist. It is advisable that passengers arrive at the terminal at least 30 minutes before their coach is scheduled to depart. Passengers can avoid the hassle of having to purchase their tickets at the terminal. It is generally faster to buy tickets online if possible. If you must purchase tickets at the terminal, be weary of peak travel periods, as the line can take up to 20 minutes. But be aware that Greyhound tickets purchased at the terminal can be used at any time (although they may have blackout periods) while tickets purchased online force you to reserve on a certain bus.

• Greyhound [24] provides a large number of intercity services, their primary routes from Toronto include: New York City via Buffalo, Rochester and Syracuse; Ottawa; and Chicago via London, Windsor and Detroit.
• Greyhound Quicklink [25] is a subsidiary of Greyhound that provides commuter services between Toronto and cities immediately outside the range of GO transit. Services run to Kitchener, Guelph, Barrie, Peterborough, St. Catharines, and Niagara Falls.
• Ontario Northland [26] provides service from the northern parts of Ontario.
• Coach Canada [27] runs buses from Toronto to Montreal (7hrs, $10-$55) via Kingston (3hrs); and New York City (10.5hrs) via Niagara Falls (1.5hrs, $25.15) and Buffalo (2.5hrs, $27.20).

Coach Canada buses to Montreal and Greyhound buses to Peterborough and Ottawa also stop at the Scarborough Centre bus station to the east of central Toronto, this station lies on the Scarborough RT mass transit line. Greyhound buses to Kitchener, Guelph, St. Catharines, Niagara Falls, Buffalo, and New York and Coach Canada buses to Buffalo and New York also stop near Union Station, either in front of the York Street entrance to the Royal York Hotel or on University Avenue north of Wellington Street. Two new, heavily-discounted services between Toronto and New York City now operate from the sidewalk in front of the Royal York Hotel, across the street from Union Station. Both advertise electrical connections at each seat, wi-fi, movies, and more legroom than traditional buses. If purchased far enough in advance, tickets can be found for $1 although in reality, most seats range from $15 to $50.

• Megabus [28] provides service from New York City, Buffalo, Buffalo-Niagara Airport, Philadelphia, Syracuse and Rochester to the sidewalk in front of the Royal York Hotel. Megabus runs two buses a day from the Royal York, as well as two buses a day from the bus terminal, buses from the bus terminal run to the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York, while buses from the Royal York run to Penn Station in New York
• Ne-On [29] is a service operated jointly by Greyhound USA and New York Trailways that runs two buses a day from the Royal York Hotel to the New Yorker Hotel in New York.

GO Transit [30] runs the commuter transit network in the Greater Toronto Area. Their bus services are designed to supplement their commuter trains, most of which run only during rush hour. When the trains are not running, GO runs buses on the same route. Most GO buses run to the Union Station Bus Terminal, adjacent to Union Railway Station. GO Transit also operates services to bus stations at several subway stations, including: Yorkdale Mall, Finch, York Mills and Scarborough Centre.

All scheduled passenger trains in Toronto run into and out of Union Station [31] which is located at 65 Front Street, between Bay and York Streets. Opened in 1927, Toronto's Union Station is generally considered to be one of the grandest, most impressive train stations in North America; with an enormous great hall, the ceiling rising to a height equivalent to seven stories. Despite this impressive hall, most of the activity in the station takes place in the underground concourses which link the commuter rail platforms with the subway station. The great hall is still used for purchasing intercity rail tickets with a row of ticket booths and several ticket machines. The train station is served by a subway station with the same name, accessible from the GO concourse. The main intercity concourse is accessed from the great hall, but all commuter rail platforms are accessed from the underground GO Transit concourse, as is the Union Station Bus Terminal across the street. The GO Transit concourse is accessed by taking any one of the three large staircases in the great hall or directly from the subway.

Most intercity rail travel in Canada is provided by VIA Rail [32]. Union Station is one of VIA Rail's main hubs and connects several of their lines. Railway lines operated by VIA Rail out of Union Station include:

• Corridor: This is VIA's most profitable line running from Windsor and Sarnia in the southwest to Quebec City in the northeast. Regular trains run from Toronto directly to Montreal, Ottawa, London, Kingston, Windsor, and Sarnia as well as stations in between. The lines between Montreal and Toronto and Ottawa and Toronto are VIA's busiest and most frequent, they also have the largest discounts if booked well in advance.

• Maple Leaf: This service is run jointly by Via and America's passenger rail company, Amtrak [33]. Trains on this line run between Toronto and New York City once a day in each direction stopping at Albany and Buffalo as well as many smaller stations. Trains between Toronto and New York are extremely slow and very expensive, the coach services listed above generally take several hours less and cost several times less than the train. There are also more frequent trains that run on this line from Toronto to Niagara Falls.

• The Canadian: Trains on this line run the transcontinental route from Toronto to Vancouver three times a week each way, stopping at a large number of smaller stations on the way. Cities that this train passes through include: Winnipeg, Saskatoon, Edmonton, Jasper and Kamloops. The full journey takes about three days. This is one of the most expensive rail journeys in North America and is many times more expensive than flying.

• Ontario Northland [34] is a Government subsidized passenger rail service into the scarcely populated north of Ontario. They run trains on a single line from Toronto to Cochrane, Ontario six times a week. Most of this line is single track and owned by freight companies, as a result, whenever a freight train passes, the passenger train must move onto a siding and wait for the other train to pass, therefore Ontario Northland trains are generally 1.5-2.5 hours behind schedule at either end of their route.

• Commuter train services in the Greater Toronto Area are operated exclusively by GO Transit [35] who run all of their trains from Union Station. Their trains serve mainly the sprawling suburbs around the city and most of the train lines run only during rush hour; at other times of the day, they are replaced by bus services. Most of these buses originate from Union Station Bus Terminal across Bay Street from the railway station, there is an overhead walkway from the GO Train concourse underneath the railway platforms to the bus terminal.

Major highways leading into Toronto are the QEW, the 404, the 401, the 400, and the 427. Toronto is in the enviable position of being the largest city in Canada, so it's relatively easy to find a sign pointing you in the right direction. Be advised that traffic on incoming highways can be extremely heavy. In the downtown core there are many turn restrictions, particularly from main thoroughfares to other main thoroughfares (e.g. Yonge to Dundas Streets).

The main streets in Toronto are laid out in a grid pattern that makes it one of the easiest cities to get around in by car. Getting from point to point anywhere in the city can be achieved with only a few turns. Parking in the downtown core can be expensive and hard to find, but is plentiful and inexpensive or free throughout the rest of the city.

• Canada drives on the right.

Toronto follows some bylaws related to the transit system that often confuse or surprise visiting drivers:

• If a bus is signalling intent to merge into traffic from a stop, you must yield to the bus.
• If a streetcar in front of you and travelling in your direction has its doors open, you cannot pass the open doors.
  • However, if a traffic island (it'll look like a raised median with a transit shelter on top) separates the streetcar from your lane, you may pass with caution.
• Occasionally the rightmost travel lane on certain streets (most notably on Bay Street between Front and Bloor Sts.) is reserved from 7AM-7PM for transit vehicles, taxis and bicycles only; you can enter these lanes only to make a right turn at the next cross street. If you do decide to travel as through-traffic in these lanes, you may be liable to a fine (an often hefty one).

Additionally, drivers are advised that Torontonians generally take their obligation to give a wide berth to emergency vehicles quite seriously: if you hear sirens or see lights, pull over to the side of the road safely but quickly.

Toronto is huge, and most roads run for very long distances. Use the public transit if your destination is downtown. Otherwise, it is probably easier to drive. Be aware that the highways regularly backup during rush hour (7AM-10AM and 4PM-7PM). Toronto has plentiful parking garages downtown, but these are usually expensive.

Toronto's long streetcar lines have resulted in chronic "bunching", where one might wait for thirty minutes at a stop, and then 4 streetcars will arrive bunched together. In contrast to this, the subway system is quite fast and efficient; the subway lines extend well into the suburbs and have spurred a great deal of high-density, high-rise development in far-flung neighbourhoods that would not otherwise have had any large-scale development. A prime example of this is the neighbourhood of North York, filled with high-rise development right on top of three subway stations. As a result, the subway is the easiest, fastest and most efficient way to get around the city.

Cash fare is $3.00 (discounted to $2.50 if you buy 5 or 10 tokens at a time). It should be noted that when using the subway, one can just pay $2.50 as booths sell tokens, anyway. Be aware that some token vending machines are out of service, but do not have signs on them to indicate that, otherwise making it safer to use manned ticket booths whenever possible.

A day pass is available for $10. This pass allows unlimited travel on all TTC services within the City of Toronto, except for Downtown Express buses. For one person, it allows unlimited one-day travel on any day of the week, from the mid-morning (9:30AM) until 5:30AM the next morning. On Saturday and Sunday, and statutory holidays, up to 6 people (maximum 2 adults over 19) can travel with one TTC Day Pass, from the start of daytime service until 5:30AM the next morning. The day pass does not have to be purchased on the day of use.

A weekly pass costs $36.00 a week. It allows unlimited travel from 5:30AM Monday morning, to 5:30AM the following Monday. The weekly pass is transferable, meaning it can be used by more than one person but only one person may be travelling under that pass at any given time.

A monthly pass, termed the Metropass, costs $121.00 per month. This pass is also transferable, with no pass-backs.

Tokens, daily, and weekly passes are available at subway stations, variety stores and newsstands throughout the city. Most businesses that sell passes and tokens have a TTC logo sticker on their front door.

There are three subway lines and one "RT" line:

• The Bloor-Danforth line runs east-west along Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue. It meets the Yonge-University line at Bloor-Yonge, St. George, and Spadina stations, and meets the Scarborough Rapid Transit (RT) line at Kennedy station. This line runs through a large number of neighbourhoods, Kennedy Station is on Eglinton in working-class Scarborough and is surrounded by large apartment blocks, it is a major transit hub for TTC buses in Scarborough and also connects with GO Transit commuter trains. The line leaves Scarborough after Warden station and the next nine stations serve a number of densely packed, ethnic neighbourhoods along the Danforth. After Broadview Station, the line crosses the Don River and the following station, Castle Frank, serves the extremely exclusive neighbourhood of Rosedale. After this, the line crosses the Rosedale ravine and enters Downtown Toronto, the next four stations serve the expensive shopping district of Bloor-Yorkville. Following this, the line serves many small ethnic neighbourhoods centred around Bloor Street. Lansdowne and Dundas West stations serve working class neighbourhoods and Dundas West connects with GO Transit commuter trains. The next two stations serve High Park, a large park on the west side of the city and Runnymede and Jane stations serve the pleasant and relatively affluent neighbourhood of Bloor West Village. The next three stations serve the mostly middle class suburb of Etobicoke.
• The Yonge-University-Spadina line runs in a U formation, travelling north-south along Yonge Street, bending at Union Station, then travelling north-south along University Avenue, Spadina Avenue, and Allen Road. It meets the Sheppard line at Sheppard-Yonge station and the Bloor-Danforth line at Bloor-Yonge, St. George, and Spadina stations.
• The Sheppard line runs in an east-west direction along Sheppard Avenue. It meets the Yonge line at Sheppard-Yonge station and terminates at Don Mills Station in the east.
• The Scarborough RT runs from the eastern end of the Bloor-Danforth line at Kennedy Station, through central Scarborough to McCowan Station. As its name suggests, this line serves the mainly working-class suburb of Scarborough. This line's main draw for visitors is that it serves Scarborough Town Centre, one of the city's enormous regional shopping centres, at its Scarborough Centre station; this station is also a major regional transit hub and is served by a large number of TTC buses, several GO Transit commuter buses, and is a stop on Greyhound coach routes to Peterborough, Ottawa, and Coach Canada routes to Montreal and Kingston.

Other TTC services are provided by buses, streetcars, the Scarborough RT line, and Wheel-Trans vans (for people with disabilities). There are also a number of Downtown Express buses that run during rush hour, for which additional fare must be paid.

Toronto is one of the only cities in North America (the only city in Canada, in fact) to keep any of its streetcar route and, while the original streetcar network was much larger, the Toronto Transit Commission is planning to replace several of its busiest bus lines with high capacity LRT lines.

• 501 runs along Queen Street for most of its route, from the eastern end of the Beaches neighbourhood, through Leslieville, the Financial District, the Queen West shopping district, Parkdale, then along the Queensway and Lake Shore Blvd through Long Branch in Etobicoke to the Long Branch GO Train station.
• 502 and 503 run from Kingston Road in the Beaches to the Financial District. 502 runs along Queen Street through downtown and 503 (rush hour only) runs along King Street.
• 504 and 508 run along King Street. 504 runs from Broadview subway station on the Bloor-Danforth line to Dundas West subway station on the Bloor-Danforth line. 508 (rush hour only) runs from King Street and Church Street to Long Branch GO Train station. Both routes pass through the Financial District and the Theatre District.
• 505 runs along Dundas Street from Broadview subway station to Dundas West subway station. It runs through Chinatown.
• 506 runs along Gerrard, Carlton and College Streets, it runs from Main Street subway station on the Bloor-Danforth line to High Park in West Toronto. It passes through Cabbagetown, Downtown, the University of Toronto, Kensington Market and Little Italy.
• 509 and 510 run from Union subway station on the Yonge-University-Spadina line in a tunnel under Bay Street to Queen's Quay, they run aboveground on Queen's Quay, through the Harbourfront to Spadina Avenue. The 509 continues on Queen's Quay from Spadina to Exhibition Place. The 510 runs north along Spadina to Spadina subway station on the Bloor-Danforth line, the 510 passes through the Theatre District, the Queen West shopping district, Chinatown, Kensington Market and the Annex. Both 509 and 510 run within their own rights-of-way in the centre lanes of the streets and stop less frequently than regular routes.
• 511 runs along Bathurst for nearly all of its route, from Exhibition Place to Bathurst subway station on the Bloor-Danforth line.
• 512 runs along St Clair Avenue from St Clair subway station on the Yonge line to a streetcar loop just past Keele Street. 512 runs within its own right of way in the centre of St. Clair Avenue from St Clair station to Vaughan Road, passing through St Clair West subway station on the University-Spadina line. This route serves the neighbourhood of Deer Park.

Caution: When getting on and off streetcars, make sure that the traffic is stopped in the lane next to the streetcar. While drivers are required by law to stop behind open streetcar doors, some drivers don't do so. This does not apply when there is a safety island between you and the traffic lane(s). Also, be aware of pickpockets in crowded rush hour situations. Do not keep your belongings on outside pockets.

All but one (Route 99) of the TTC's bus and streetcar routes have a subway station somewhere on the loop, and while many routes will take you into the station and beyond the ticket barrier, some of them (especially downtown) will take you only to the outside of the station. In this case, you can enter the station by presenting a valid transfer. If you don't have one, you need to pay another cash fare.

Transfers are free, but should be obtained at the first vehicle or station you enter on your journey. If your journey starts on a bus or streetcar, ask for one as you pay your fare (simply saying "Transfer, please" to the operator will suffice). If you start at a subway station, look for a red machine just beyond the ticket booth with a digital time clock on its face. Press the gold button and collect your transfer.

The areas that surround Toronto?Mississauga, Brampton, York Region, Durham Region?have their own transit systems. There are no free transfer privileges between the TTC and these other transit systems. To use both the TTC and another system, two fares must usually be paid (though see GTA Pass below). In many places, these networks do overlap, so you can transfer easily. Prices are similar to prices for the TTC.

A weekly GTA Pass (Greater Toronto Area Pass) is available for $47. It is valid on the TTC and the transit systems in Mississauga, Brampton, York Region, but not Durham Region. This pass is also transferable, although only one rider may use it at a time. If you are traveling through the fare-zone boundary in York Region with a GTA pass, you will have to pay an additional $1. A new region-wide integration system will be in place in 2010, known as 'Metrolinx', and will provide seamless connections between transit operators.

A system of regional trains and buses, GO Transit [36], connects Toronto to its surrounding areas. The majority of these services, especially trains, are oriented to weekday commuters traveling to and from downtown Toronto. Go Transit charges fares by distance. Trains are large and comfortable, and the vast majority run only during rush hours. The main exception is on the Lakeshore Line, running between the suburbs of Burlington and Oshawa, via Union Station. The GO bus network is much more extensive and fills in for trains in the off-peak hours. The vast majority of tourist destinations are reachable by TTC, although you might want to use the GO to get to the Zoo, or to the homes of family members or friends in the Greater Toronto Area.

Discounts on the fares for connecting transit services are available under certain conditions, if you are traveling to or from a GO Transit rail station. The GTA Pass is not valid on GO Transit.

NOTE: in many cases, a GO bus will not stop unless the passengers-to-be indicates indicate waiting to be picked up, even if they are standing at a designated stop. Users must flag the bus down, usually just by raising their hand or ticket in the air as the bus approaches. That is because GO stops often share stops with other municipal transit systems.

Also, be aware of the GO Transit Guards; they are well known for being overbearing, grouchy and intolerant. The transit guards are known to be rude and offensive to passengers that have an invalid ticket in their possession; guards have been known to curse at and threaten such passengers. Train hoppers and passengers with invalid tickets are usually punished. Depending on the mood and disposition of the guard, a mere warning may be issued; however, fines of up to $200 are not out of the question. Furthermore, passengers found train hopping are often unceremoniously kicked off the train at the nearest stop.

Taxis are plentiful and safe, but not cheap. As with most big cities, driving a car downtown can be annoying; parking is often hard to find and expensive, and traffic along certain streets can make vehicle travel slower than mass transit. However, traveling longer distances, when not close to subway lines is often significantly faster by car or taxi.

Toronto is trying very hard to become a bike-friendly city, with dedicated bike lanes being added all the time. There are many casual cyclists out all the time. And it is fast: door to door, in all of downtown Toronto, a bike beats a car or transit nearly every time.

There is a lack of clear understanding about regulations regarding bicycles and as a result, there can be hostility between automobiles and cyclists. Generally speaking, if you are on the road, you are expected to obey the same laws as cars, and you are not allowed to ride on the sidewalk. In reality, cyclists have all sorts of driving styles; expect the unexpected.

The city is predominantly flat, aside from a general climb away from Lake Ontario, and post-and-ring locking posts are present throughout the city. There are many bike-only lanes on major roads and threading through various neighbourhoods and parks. The city publishes a cycling map, available on the city website [37]. Several businesses offer rentals [38].

It is a provincial law that cyclists under 18 must wear a helmet, and all riders must have a bike with reflectors and a bell. This tends to only be enforced when the police go on their annual "cycling blitz".

Some dangers:

• Beware of parked cars - often accidents are not caused by moving cars, but rather by careless drivers or passengers who unexpectedly open their driver's side door. However, by and large Toronto is about as safe for bikers as most European cities, and certainly safer than most U.S. cities. Here, at least, cyclists are often expected and respected by drivers.

• Be cautious of street car tracks as bike wheels can be easily caught and cause a spill.
• Although you will certainly see large numbers of locals riding the streets year-round, be warned that biking in the winter months is enjoyable only with proper equipment and reasonable skills; winter weather does get cold, it can be quite windy, and snow removal is often imperfect.

Some recommended cycling routes:

• By far one of the most popular bike paths is the Martin Goodman Trail, the east-west route that hugs Lake Ontario, spanning the city from Etobicoke to the eastern ends of the city. This path is also often used by pedestrians and rollerbladers.
• The Don River trail system begins at the lake (near Queen and Broadview) and travels very far North and East.
• A special treat for bikers of all levels is a tour out to the Leslie Spit lighthouse and bird sanctuaries (no cars!). Start at Queen and Leslie and head south.
• A visit to Toronto Islands from the ferry docks at the southern end of Bay Street is a great way to spend a bike-friendly, relaxed afternoon by bike. There are no cars to speak of on the Toronto Islands.

See Downtown district article for more possibilities & further information:

• Art Gallery of Ontario, [39]. Tue, Thu-Sat 10 AM - 5:30 PM, Wed 10 AM - 8:30 PM (free admission after 6 PM), closed Mon. The largest art gallery in Canada, recently redesigned by architect Frank Gehry. It has a great Canadian paintings exhibit and the world's largest collection of Henry Moore sculptures. The European paintings exhibit has a few excellent pieces and it has one of the world's most expensive paintings on view (Ruben's The Massacre of the Innocents). Adults $18, seniors $15, students and youth $10, children free.  edit

• Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, ? 416.586.8000, [40]. Fri 10 AM - 9:30 PM, Other days 10 AM - 5:30 PM. One of the better and larger museums in North America. The original building was built in 1910, and is a handsome romanesque revival, with many carvings of people and events. The newer addition is a large deconstructivist crystal, made of steel and glass. Thousands of artifacts and specimens are featured in over 20 exhibits; including Dinosaurs, Ancient China, Native Canadians, Canadian Furniture, Medieval Europe, Art Deco, Ancient Egypt, Textiles, Middle East, India, and Pacific Islanders. The world's largest totem pole, which is over 100 years old, is also housed in a place of honour. Adults $24, Senior/Student $21. Friday night half-price.  edit

• Ontario Science Centre, 770 Don Mills Road, Toronto, ON, ? 1-888-696-1110, [41]. Daily 10 AM - 7 PM. Lots of hands on science exhibits, including a rainforest, a tornado machine, a sound proof tunnel, balance testing machines, and more. It also contains Ontario's only Omnimax (full wrap around) movie theatre. Adults $18, Child $11, Senior/Student $13.5.  edit

• Bata Shoe Museum, 327 Bloor Street West, in downtown Toronto., [42]. Monday-Saturday 10AM-5PM, Sunday 12 noon-5PM. Adults $12, Seniors $10, Every Thursday evening between 5PM and 8PM, admission is Pay-what-you-can, with a suggested donation of $5 (March 2008). This offbeat museum is devoted to shoes and footwear, and contains Napoleon Bonaparte's socks, and footwear from cultures all over the world.  edit

• Canadian National Exhibition (CNE) [43]— Annual agricultural exhibition that is Canada's largest fair and the fifth largest in North America, with an average annual attendance of 1.3 million.

• CN Tower [44]— The second tallest free standing structure, at over 500 meters tall, in North America. You can ride a glass elevator to the top. The view is incredible and there is a glass floor, which for some is very scary to walk on. There is also a revolving restaurant, which offers spectacular views as the sun sets over the city.

• Casa Loma, 1 Austin Terrace (at the corner of Davenport Rd. and Spadina Rd), ? ''+1 (416)'' 923 - 1171 (info@casaloma.org, fax: ''+1 (416)'' 923 - 5734), [45]. 9.30am to 5pm, May to October. Visit Casa Loma and step back in time to a period of European elegance and splendour. The museum is the former home of Canadian financier Sir Henry Pellatt complete with decorated suites, secret passages, an 800-foot tunnel, towers, stables, and beautiful 5-acre estate gardens. A self-guided digital audio tour in 8 languages (English, French, Japanese, German, Italian, Spanish, Mandarin and Korean) is available. CAD 18.  edit

• Spadina House - A historic mansion dating from the 1860s, the grounds contain a beautiful garden, which is free to walk around in. If you want to view the historic interior, you need to pay.

• Gardiner Museum of Ceramic Art [46]— Dedicated to ceramics in an exquisite contemporary building right across from the Royal Ontario Museum - from Ancient to Contemporary with an extraordinary European collection.

• Hockey Hall of Fame [47]— Dedicated to the history of ice hockey, it is both a museum and a hall of fame. It is housed in the historic Bank of Montreal building, dating from the 1880s.

• Black Creek Pioneer Village, 1000 Murray Ross Parkway, M3J 2P3, Toronto, ON (One set of lights east of Jane Street, on the South side of Steeles Avenue (follow the Village signs). TTC: Bus Steeles 60 West route from Finch subway station or Jane 35 route from Jane subway station. YRT: From the York University Terminal, take the Route 10 (Woodbridge) bus or the Route 20 (Jane-Concord) bus to Jane Street & Steeles Avenue. From the Vaughan Mills terminal, take the Route 20 (Jane-Concord) bus to Jane Street & Steeles Avenue.), ? 416-667-6295, [48]. Historic site in northern part of Toronto, just west of York University and southeast of the Jane and Steeles intersection. It overlooks Black Creek, a tributary of the Humber River. The village is a recreation of life in 19th-century Ontario and consists of over forty historic 19th century buildings, decorated in the style of the 1860s with period furnishings and actors portraying villagers. The village is populated with ducks, horses, sheep, and other livestock and is self-explored, although many of the individual sites will have a guide inside to explain details of the structure. Visiting in the fall, after the summer, is a great way to see the village, as weekdays will see the facility almost empty of other visitors.  edit

• Ontario Place [49]— A great place to take the kids in summer with an Imax theatre inside.

• Toronto City Hall— Two buildings forming a semi-circle overlooking Nathan Phillips square, which has a very popular skating rink in the winter. Architecturally stunning, and next door to Old City Hall (currently the court house)which has a more classical architecture.

• Toronto Zoo [50]— A world-class facility, the Toronto Zoo is best accessed by car or GO Transit + TTC bus as a day-trip as it is located at the eastern reaches of the city. The zoo is divided into zones (such as Africa, South America, and North America) and features both indoor and outdoor displays. Open daily except for Christmas Day, and worth a visit in both the winter and summer months.

• Toronto Aerospace Museum, Parc Downsview Park, 65 Carl Hall Road, Box 1, Toronto, ON, M3K 2E1 (From Downsview subway station bus route 101, 108 Downsview, the 86 Sheppard West, Westbound or the 84 Sheppard West, Westbound. From Sheppard subway station, take bus route 86 Sheppard West), ? (416) 638-6078 (tam@bellnet.ca, fax: (416) 638-5509), [51]. Wednesday, 10:00AM - 8:00PM, Thursday - Saturday, 10:00AM - 4:00PM, Sunday, 10:00AM - 4:00PM, Holiday Mondays, 10:00AM - 4:00PM.. The Toronto Aerospace Museum (TAM) is dedicated to developing an exciting educational, heritage and tourist attraction at Parc Downsview Park, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Founded in 1997, we are an important year-round attraction within Parc Downsview Park, Canada?s first urban national park. The TAM is in a building that isn?t just full of history, but is part of history from the days of fabric and wire biplanes of the 1920s to the dawn of the space age and Canada?s first satellite, launched in 1962. This historic building at Downsview is the original 1929 home of de Havilland Aircraft of Canada Ltd., one of Canada?s most successful aircraft manufacturers.  edit

• McMichael Canadian Art Collection [52]— Renowned for its devotion to collecting and exhibiting only Canadian art, the McMichael permanent collection consists of almost 6,000 artworks by Tom Thomson, the Group of Seven, their contemporaries, and First Nations, Inuit and other artists who have made a contribution to Canada?s artistic heritage. The McMichael Canadian Art Collection is the only major public art gallery devoted solely to the collecting and exhibiting of Canadian art. The gallery offers visitors the unique opportunity to enjoy Canadian landscape paintings in the woodland setting that inspired them.

• Rogers Centre [53]— Rogers Centre, formerly known as SkyDome, is a multi-purpose stadium in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated next to the CN Tower near the shores of Lake Ontario. Originally opened in 1989, it is home to the American League's Toronto Blue Jays, the Canadian Football League's Toronto Argonauts, the site of the annual International Bowl American college football bowl game, and as of 2008, the National Football League's Buffalo Bills' second playing venue in the Bills Toronto Series. While it is primarily a sports venue, it also hosts other large-scale events such as conventions, trade fairs, concerts, funfairs, and monster truck shows. The stadium was renamed "Rogers Centre" following the purchase of the stadium by Rogers Communications in 2005.

The venue was noted for being the first stadium to have a fully-retractable motorized roof, as well as for the 348-room hotel attached to it, with 70 rooms overlooking the field. It is also the most recent North American major-league stadium built to accommodate both football, as well as baseball, although some of the newer baseball parks have been known to host the occasional college football game, such as AT&T Park, Chase Field, and Safeco Field.

Soon after its opening, the stadium became a popular venue for large scale rock concerts and is the largest indoor concert venue in Toronto; it has hosted many international acts including Metallica, Madonna, U2, Depeche Mode, The Rolling Stones, The Three Tenors, Radiohead, Simon & Garfunkel, Garth Brooks, Backstreet Boys, Roger Waters, Black Sabbath, AC/DC, Limp Bizkit, Eminem, Janet Jackson, Avril Lavigne, Jonas Brothers, and Cher, the latter for the Halloween extravaganza in 2003. Michael W. Smith and N'Sync also performed in the Rogers Centre.

The stadium will be the centrepiece of the 2015 Pan American Games as the site of the opening and closing ceremonies.

For Toronto event listings, see FunToronto[54] -- but you must be logged into Facebook to see certain parts of the FunToronto webpage. Or see Eclectic Hub [55].

See also Wikitravel's district articles

• Just walk— Toronto has so many eclectic neighbourhoods that a random walk is fascinating in its own right. You might start in the Downtown area and then try other neighbourhoods around the city. You will also find that Toronto is "the city within a park", with miles and miles of parkland following the streams and rivers that flow through the city. Edwards Gardens and the Toronto Botanical Gardens in the neighbourhood of North York might just be the place to start exploring this natural environment.[56]

• Take a free walking tour with Tour Guys[57] to explore the downtown core, or any of the other specialty tours they offer.

• Go on a Toronto Urban Adventures[58] walking tour to experience "Multicultural Kensington Market & Chinatown", or learn about Toronto's history and Canadian beer on a "Beer Makes History Better" tour.

• Beaches— Toronto has three main sections of beach along Lake Ontario. The most popular of these is in the aptly-named Beaches neighbourhood. A less popular alternative is the beaches in the western end of the city in the Parkdale neighbourhood; this was once Toronto's Coney Island, with an amusement park and numerous beach-style attractions; however in the 1950s the city built the Gardiner Expressway along the lakeshore, effectively separating the beaches from the city and causing the demolition of the amusement park; over the years attempts have been made to re-energize this area, but the Gardiner remains a major barrier, as well as a source of noise and pollution to keep away would-be beach-goers. On the plus side, the beaches are largely empty most of the time, providing solitude for those who seek it. The third major beach area in the city runs along the south shore of the Toronto Islands. This area is pleasantly secluded, with most of the islands covered with parkland and a small amusement park. Hanlan's Point Beach on the western shore of the islands is the City of Toronto's only officially recognized clothing optional beach, and a popular gay hangout. Despite these options, many Torontonians prefer to leave the city for beach trips; the most popular beaches are those in the Georgian Bay area north of Toronto, Wasaga Beach in particular is very popular during the summer.

• The Distillery District— [59]The former Gooderham & Worts distillery lands have been rejuvenated into a pedestrian-only village dedicated to the arts and entertainment. It has fantastic restaurants, festivals, and art galleries.

• The Lakefront and Harbourfront, in the downtown core offers biking and walking trails, with an excellent view of the Toronto skyline. The Harbourfront Centre [60] is situated right by the lake, and is home to numerous cultural events of which most are free or relatively inexpensive. Take in some of the worlds most critically acclaimed performing arts productions, or enjoy one of the many world festivals that take place every weekend.

• The Toronto Islands are not to be missed. A short, inexpensive ferry ride from the foot of Bay St. and you leave the bustle of the city behind. Visually, the views of the skyline from the islands is stunning, and for cycling, walking, picnics or just relaxing, the Toronto Islands are hard to beat. There is even a small amusement park, Centreville.

• Comedy [61]— World renowned Second City [62] comedy/improv theatre has a location in Toronto. See great improv and situation comedy performed live with audience participation over dinner and drinks in the heart of the club district of downtown Toronto. For something a bit more grassroots, try the Bad Dog Theatre[63] (you can even take free improv classes every Saturday evening).

• Theatre— Toronto has a great theatre scene for every taste and budget. Check out the big theatres on Yonge Street for the big splashy shows, such as the long-running hit Jersey Boys - The Story of Franki Valli and Four Seasons [64], the direct from Charlottetown Anne of Green Gables - The Musical [65], and season favorite Dr. Seuss' How The Grinch Stole Christmas [66]. Small theatres in the Annex and elsewhere offer smaller productions that range from original Canadian works, avant-garde, experimental theatre, small budget musicals to British murder mysteries. A variety of theatre festivals such as the New Ideas, Rhubarb and Fringe festivals are the seed for many commercial success such as The Drowsy Chaperone.Also try to check out the new Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts, the brand new (2006) home of the Canadian Opera Company and the National Ballet of Canada. The Toronto Symphony plays in the recently acoustically renovated Roy Thomson Hall.TO Tix [67] is the best place to get both full-price advance and day-of discounts on shows across Toronto. Visit them in Dundas Square or online. They also offer a 5 Star Experience theatre and dining packages offer affordable and flexible entertainment value, partnering Toronto?s theatre, dance and opera companies with local downtown restaurants and cultural attractions. Another option for dinner and show packages comes from Dancap Catering [68] who offer a gourmet 3-course Prix Fix menu before evening performances of Jersey Boys right at the Toronto Centre for the Arts [69].

• Canada's Wonderland [70]— A big theme park located in Vaughan, 30 kilometers north of downtown Toronto. It is considered one of North America's premier amusement parks, with more than 200 attractions. The park is open seasonally from May to October.

• Little Italy/Portugal Village— Centred at College and Grace, this is the spot to get a sense of the Western Mediterranean. Sit at one of the many coffee shops and watch the world go by on the weekends. A great time to visit is during the World Cup of Soccer (regardless of where in the World it is actually being held) as both communities face off and rivalries reach a fever pitch. Recently the rivalries have begun to infect adjacent communities and it is now getting to the point that the entire city is being draped in a mind numbing variety of flags once every four years.

• Little India is located on Gerrard Street between Greenwood and Coxwell. If you want to get a sense of Toronto's vibrant East Indian community, this is where you want to be.

• Koreatown is composed of the retail businesses and restaurants along Bloor Street between Christie and Bathurst Streets in the Seaton Village section of The Annex.

Since the early 1990s, a Koreatown has also emerged in North York along Yonge Street between Sheppard Avenue and just north of Steeles Avenue. The area comprises parts of North York, Ontario (Willowdale, Toronto and Newtonbrook) and Thornhill, Ontario (Vaughan, Ontario and Markham, Ontario).

The new Koreatown has many retail stores, Korean grocery stores (some quite large), karaoke bars and family restaurants catering to younger Koreans and those living in the north part of the City of Toronto and York Region. A larger proportion of this neighbourhood are recent immigrants or visa students from South Korea.

• Money

Most Canadians don't carry large amounts of cash for everyday use, relying on their credit cards, ATMs and direct debit cards. Unlike the USA, personal cheques are rarely accepted. Also, many places in Toronto accept US Dollars - with a rough 1:1 exchange rate.

• ATM

Interbank ATM exchange rates usually beat traveler's checks or exchanging foreign currency. Canadian ATM fees are low ($1.50 to $2 per transaction), but your home bank may charge another fee on top of that.

• Credit Cards

Visa, MasterCard, American Express and JCB cards are widely accepted in Canada. Credit cards can get you cash advances at bank ATMs, generally for a 3% surcharge. Beware: many US-based credit cards now convert foreign charges using highly unfavorable exchange rates and fees.

• Changing Money

Always change your money at a recognized bank or financial institution. Some hotels, souvenir shops and tourist offices exchange money, but their rates won't put a smile on your dial.

American Express (905-474-0870, 800-869-3016; www.americanexpress.com/canada) branches in Toronto only function as travel agencies and don't handle financial transactions. Instead, tackle the banks, or try Money Mart (416-920-4146; www.moneymart.ca; Yonge Street Strip, 617 Yonge St; 24hr; Wellesley).

Affiliated with Marlin Travel (www.marlintravel.ca), Thomas Cook (www.thomascook.ca) branches include the following:

Bloor-Yorkville (416-975-9940, 800-267-8891; 1168 Bay St; 9am-5:30pm Mon-Fri; Bloor-Yonge)

Financial District (416-366-1961; 10 King St E; 9am-5pm Mon-Fri; King)

Travelex (www.travelex.com/ca) has branches:

Financial District (416-304-6130; First Canadian Place, Bank of Montréal, 100 King St W; 8am-5pm Mon-Fri)

Pearson International Airport Terminal 3 Arrivals (905-673-7042; 8:30am-midnight)

Pearson International Airport Terminal 3 Departures (905-673-7461; 3:30am-10pm)

Another organization, Calforex Currency Services (290 Queen St West) give good rates for cash, buying and selling GBP, USD, EUR; on substantial sums can be as little as 1% from interbank rates.Fremdh 15:28, 16 January 2010 (EST)

Toronto has ample opportunities for shopping, and nearly any section of the city has unique places to shop and find deals:

• Yonge Street is recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records as the longest street in the world. It runs from the edge of the lake to about 1896 km north of the city, and the Yonge subway line runs right under the Street from King Street North to Finch Avenue. You can drive this street if you want (give up trying to find parking), but the smart way to explore Yonge is on foot, with a subway day pass to whisk you between the spots you want to see.
  • South of Queen St. to the lake is mostly the financial district, with very little for tourists. If you want to have a proper look at the skyscrapers of the financial district, walk west from the King subway station to the corner of King and Bay. This is the financial heart of the country; Canada's equivalent to New York's Wall Street.
  • From Queen St. to Bloor St. is the tourist stretch. While some locals will hang out and shop here (mostly younger folks), many of the stores are tourist-y, or lower budget. This is a pretty exciting place to be, and most visitors find this part of the city an interesting experience, but if you are looking for more refined shopping, you need to go farther North.

• • • Toronto Eaton Centre— [71] A massive shopping mall on the West side of Yonge between Queen and Dundas Streets, The Eaton Centre is where those looking for a typical North American mall experience will want to go. Because of its downtown location and accessibility by subway, the mall tends to have a less-antiseptic feel than more remote suburban centres. This place is generally packed with people, an exciting mix of locals and tourists.
  • Bloor St. If you head West from the corner of Yonge and Bloor, you are in the most upscale of Toronto's shopping districts, Yorkville (see below). While not strictly on Yonge street, this area is easily accessible from the Yonge-Bloor subway station (you can also go to Bay station on the Bloor-Danforth subway line).
  • Bloor St. to Eglinton. A bit sleepier than other parts of Yonge, and a long walk without too much shopping, but for those who want a proper urban hike (4KM), there's no reason to skip this stretch. The shopping is not as vibrant, but that's not to say there aren't sights to see. Of particular interest is the Mount Pleasant Cemetery, roughly halfway between St. Clair and Davisville subway stations. The subway route between Bloor and Eglinton is interesting as well, as much of it runs outside, and the view out the window of the train is enjoyable, so if it's shopping you want, take the train to Eglinton from Bloor.
  • Eglinton to Lawrence. This stretch of Yonge is not as well known by tourists, and consequently more popular with locals. Surrounded by upper middle class and wealthier neighbourhoods, this is where you want to go to experience the energy of Yonge street, without the tourist traps. Take the subway to Eglinton station, and walk North. It is a 2KM walk (1.3 Miles) from Eglinton to Lawrence, and there are hundreds of stores and restaurants on both sides of the street. If you can handle a 4KM walk, you can walk up to Lawrence on one side of the street, and then cross over and walk back. There's even a half kilometre North of Lawrence that you can cover, for a total of 5KMs of continuous shops. Bring comfortable shoes!

• Yorkville is the high-end shopping district of Toronto. Once a haven for Toronto's hippie population, it is located just north of Bloor and Bay Streets and is now home to many designer boutiques. During the annual Toronto Film Festival the area is "ground-zero" for celebrity watching.

• Located a short walk West of the Eaton Centre is the city's fashion district along Queen Street West, an area usually bustling with local hipsters looking for the latest looks in a variety of trendy stores. The stretch between University Ave and Spadina tends to be much more mainstream with an ever increasing number of chain stores, but it is still well worth the look. More offbeat choices can be found west of Spadina Ave stretching all the way into Parkdale (at least 2KMs/1.4miles). Take the University subway to Osgoode station and walk West.
• Kensington Market, (around College and Spadina. Take the Bloor-Danforth subway to Spadina station, and then take the Spadina streetcar South into Chinatown. Kensington is one block West of Spadina, you can get off anywhere between College and Dundas streets.). saturday is a good time to go, many stores are closed on Sunday.. once a centre of Jewish life but has morphed into the centre of Toronto's bohemian scene. Visitors will be assaulted by sounds and smells unlike anywhere else in the city, as narrow streets bustle with immigrants, punks, and yuppies alike. Stores include surplus shops, coffee houses, clothing vendors, and record stores. Fish and fruit markets are also present in great numbers, and the area is experiencing a boom of South American food stalls of late. Several weekends throughout the summer are designated "car-free" by the city, but even on the average weekend this is a place to avoid with a car, as pedestrians tend to wander as they please.  edit

• Pacific Mall at Steeles and Kennedy in Markham, [72]. The largest Chinese indoor mall in North America, and definitely worth a visit if you are interested in Asian-Canadian culture. Take any 53 bus from Finch subway station (it's a long bus ride!). About 45 minutes from downtown by car, well over an hour by transit. Also located close to Milliken GO station.

• Chinatown— Centred at Dundas and Spadina, Toronto's Chinatown is a great way to sample a tiny bit of cities like Hong Kong, without spending the airfare. Vast crowds crush the sidewalks as vendors sell authentic Chinese and Vietnamese food, and not-so-authentic knock-offs. It is one of North America's largest Chinatowns, and with many stores geared towards tourists, it is a good place to pick up some unique and inexpensive souvenirs. The area is also home to a growing number of Korean and Vietnamese shops and eateries. Toronto's multicultural mosaic never stops evolving. For a complete tour, travel along Spadina (North/South) starting at College Street in the north or Queen Street in the south.

• Yorkdale Shopping Centre— [73] A shopping centre located in the north of the city, accessible from Yorkdale subway station. This is a full-service, upscale mall with hundreds of stores, but which is also rife with packs of roving teenagers who use the facilities as a social scene. Make use of the subway if possible on weekends, as locals pack the parking areas to capacity.

• The 'PATH' System [74] stretches from the Eaton Centre south to Union Station, an underground shopping mall has been created for all the commuters to get from Union Station to their offices and back without ever going outside. In a city of Toronto's summer heat and winter cold, this is essential.

• Scarborough boasts Kennedy Avenue from Lawrence Avenue East to Ellesmere Avenue, a commercial district featuring dozens of independent furniture, electronic, houseware and computer businesses that all share some of the best deals the city has to offer, together with a couple of large electronic chains. It is often very congested on weekends by automobile, and many merchants lack adequate parking, but it is within walking distance of the Scarborough RT and there is bus service from the Kennedy subway station on the Danforth line. This is not really a destination for tourists, and it's quite a drive from the city centre, but if you're in the area, and want to do some discount shopping, there may be something here to suit your needs.

• Vaughan Mills [75] Big new shopping mall 6 km North of City of Toronto.

• Toronto Hockey Repair and Goalie Heaven [76] is a world-renowned hockey equipment vendor, attracting people from around the world to shop.

• Microbrews (such as Cool beer) can be hard to find outside the GTA. These can be purchased at the brewery, Beer Store, or LCBO.

Toronto is generally considered to be one of North America's top food cities. It has the same variety as New York or San Francisco and the compact and safe downtown keeps them closer together. As one of the most (if not the most) multicultural cities in the world, Toronto has authentic ethnic cuisine like no other city in North America. It is easy to eat out in Toronto and have a superb meal for cheap.

Surrounded by the extensive fertile farmlands of Southern Ontario, Toronto has an abundance of farmer's markets - one is happening, in season, almost every day. Several markets are year round, while others are seasonal, generally running from May to October.

• St. Lawrence Market [77] has been bringing the freshest foods into the city for Torontonians and visitors alike since 1901. Located at Jarvis and Front, the St. Lawrence Market stretches over 2 buildings, the 'North Market' and the 'South Market' - and often over the section of Front street between them! The North Market is home to a Farmer's Market, open Saturdays year round. It features fresh vegetables in season, preserves, spices and herbs, and direct from the source foods, such as honey direct from the beekeeper or maple syrup from the people who tapped and boiled it, as well as quality Ontario wines. The South Market has over 50 specialty vendors, with a large seafood section, a dozen butchers, several bakeries, and three very extensive cheese shops. In the basement, there is also a specialty area for handcrafters, and an extensive foodcourt, with merchants often cooking food that they bought fresh that morning from upstairs. The South Market is open year round, Tue-Thu 8AM-6PM, Fri 8AM-7PM, Sat 5AM-5PM.

• Riverdale Farm [78] at 201 Winchester Street (three blocks east of Parliament Street) is a year-round producing farm owned by the City of Toronto as part of its extensive park system, open daily for tours, education, and more 9AM-5PM. The Friends of Riverdale Farm operate an onsite store and restaurant, Shop at the Farm and Farm Kitchen, in Simpson House (daily 10AM-4PM), and a weekly Farmer's Market (Tuesdays, May 10 - Oct. 25, 2005, 3:30PM-7PM. Riverdale farm is a working farm, with barns and outdoor paddocks, and animals of all types. In an attempt to provide education about farming, the staff is approachable, and will discuss chores as they go through the daily tasks of keeping a farm running. Tours are available, or you can wander the 7.5 acres freely.

Other farmer's markets in Toronto:

• City Hall, Nathan Phillips Square, 100 Queen Street West - Wednesdays, June 1 - October 5, 10AM-2:30PM (except June 29 due to Jazz Festival).
• East York Civic Centre, 850 Coxwell Avenue - Tuesdays, May 24 - October 25, 9AM-2PM.
• Etobicoke Civic Centre, 399 The West Mall - Saturdays, June 4 - October 29, 8AM-2PM.
• North York Civic Centre, Mel Lastman Square, 5100 Yonge Street - Thursdays, June 16 - October 20, 8AM-2PM.
• Scarborough Civic Centre, Albert Campbell Square, 150 Borough Drive - Fridays, June 3 - October 14, noon-5PM.
• The Dufferin Grove Farmer's Market [79], 875 Dufferin Street (across from the Dufferin Mall) - Thursdays, year round (outdoors around the rinkhouse in summer and in the rinkhouse in winter) 3:30PM-7PM.
• Green Barn Market [80], 601 Christie Street, Saturdays 8AM-12PM (located within the restored Artscape Wychwood Barns).

• Cabbagetown is a designated Historic District in the eastern half of the downtown core. The better restaurants and bars include JAMcafe[81], Stone Grill, The Coburg, Omi (all near Carlton and Parliament).
• University District A small section of Baldwin Street (east of Spadina, north of Dundas) has many small outdoor cafes ideal for summer lunches.
• Chinatown - It now features many Vietnamese and Thai restaurants.
• King Street between University Avenue and Spadina Avenue has many touristy restaurants appealing to theatre goers.
• Queen Street East between Empire and Leslie has a number of casual, trendy restaurants that match the vibe of Leslieville.
• College Street to the west of Bathurst has a cheaper set of eclectic restaurants popular with university students from nearby University of Toronto.
• Bayview Avenue south of Eglinton, is the location of some of Toronto's best French pastry shops, including Rahier and La Cigogne.
• Bloor Street to the west of Spadina in the Annex has a similar set of restaurants to College, with a particularly heavy concentration of budget-friendly Japanese restaurants. Most restaurants tend to be very laid back.
• Yorkville - it's more about being seen than actually eating but there are a few hidden gems - Toni Bulloni (152 Cumberland Ave) is an Italian spot. Sushi Inn (120 Cumberland) is one of the most popular (though decidedly low-end) sushi restaurants in the city. The Coffee Mill (99 Yorkville) is a Hungarian bistro with a surprisingly varied menu. Yorkville, an area famous for sightseeing celebrities, often charges premium for otherwise mediocre meals. Mere 1 subway stop away from Yorkville, a meal of similar size and quality can be purchased for nearly half the price.
• The city's largest newspaper, the Toronto Star, once chose the Downsview Park Flea Market food court as the best in the city. Although it is open only on weekends and rather remote, it offers a variety of authentic food from Afghan to Trinidadian and lacks the chain restaurants that dominate the city's food courts. It is located north of downtown, but is accessible from the Downsview subway station on the Spadina line and shares space with over 400 independent retailers.

• Dufflet's, 787 Queen Street W, [82]. Cakes to die for--they supply desserts for a number of the city's best restaurants. Limited seating, but taking out a coffee to go and strolling along this interesting stretch of Queen St is ideal in warmer weather. You can also buy customized birthday cakes here.  edit

• Bulldog Coffee 89 Granby Street [83] serves the best espresso and espresso based drinks in Toronto. One of the owner/baristas regularly wins competitions for his latte art. Daily 7AM-7PM.

• The Red Tea Box 696 Queen Street W. Excellent teas, good food, cozy atmosphere, and decadent desserts that look too good too eat. Not cheap, but worth the cost. Open only for lunch. 416 203 8882.

See district articles for further information

• Le Commensal - Downtown. Cafeteria style restaurant that even has a small grocery area full of organic, vegan and vegetarian produce. Menu is standard, but the portions are generous and the atmosphere is amiable.

• Fresh by Juice for Life - The Annex & Richmond Street West. Serving mouthwatering servings of salads and juices of inspired combinations. Somewhat overpriced but all this healthy stuff does make you feel good.

• Fressen - Queen West. Great reviews of this restaurant by locals, who pack the place for its innovative and tasty vegetarian dishes. The gluten roast (a kind of faux roast-beef) comes recommended and the wine list features organic wines.

• Buddha's Vegetarian Food (Bathurst and Dundas; 666 Dundas West). Incredible value for money with one portion serving at least 2 very hungry people and costing only $8. Closed some (but not all!) Tuesdays.

• Vegetarian Haven, [84]. Vegetarian Haven (Baldwin Street): All of the food was good, very filling, big portions. Staff are friendly and the restaurant is clean and charming (outdoor seating a big plus). The cost is very acceptable ($13.60 CAD for entree and soup). This place stands out as the mark of an excellent restaurant.  edit

• Live Organic Food Bar, The Annex. Freshly squeezed juices accompany complete meals that cost $35. Open Tuesday to Saturday 11AM to 10PM. Brunch Sunday 11AM to 4PM. Closed Monday and holidays.

• Annapurna, The Annex

The majority of nightlife in Toronto is centred on the appropriately named Clubland and in the fashion district on Queen Street West. Nearly everywhere is packed to the brim with pubs and bars, but none so much as Adelaide and Queen Street in those districts. Clubs tend to operate on Richmond and Adelaide streets (both run east-west, 1 block apart); names change frequently, but the district keeps on going. Three other clubs of note outside this district: The (long-lasting) Phoenix (on Sherbourne), The Guvernment (Toronto's largest club - on the harbour east of Yonge Street) and the Docks (literally operating on part of Toronto's commercial port, but this place has an outstanding view of the city on warm summer nights, and boasts an extensive entertainment complex).

Newly opened Circa is currently the hottest club in town. Worth $6.2 million until the next major opening, Circa represents the mecca for any visitor interested in clubbing.

Hip art and music oriented crowds tend to gravitate towards Parkdale (Queen West past Bellwoods Park). The hipsters hangout and comment on their outfits (and sometimes the art) in the wide array of bars, galleries and clubs that dot the area - in particular the Stones Place (mostly Indians and sometimes gay crowds), The Social (a mixed bag), and the Drake and its poor cousin Gladstone Hotels. The same folks also frequent the Annex / Kensington Market Area of the city at night for club nights, casual drinks and art / music events. One of the main "corsos" of the city is Little Italy: College Street, between Bathurst and Ossington flows over with music, sidewalk cafes and excellent food and a crowd that enjoys the summer heat and the offerings. The drinking age is 19.

• The Green Room 296 Brunswick Avenue (416) 929 3253 is a cozy funky (dive) bar hidden in an alley just off Bloor. It has affordable prices and a beautiful courtyard garden when the weather is warm. Daily noon-2AM.

• The Feathers Pub 962 Kingston Road (416) 694-0443 is possibly Toronto's most British pub, and has approximately 300 single malt scotches available at reasonable prices.

Toronto is also home to a number of microbreweries. These include Mill Street, Steam Whistle Pilsner, Cool, Amterdam, and Great Lakes. The breweries offer free samples and some have restaurants. Although a tour of the Steam Whistle Brewery costs $8, it includes a gift.

Most hotels and hostels are situated directly outside the downtown core. Prices for rooms generally range from $150+ for a standard hotel, $60-80 for a motel, and $20-40 for a bed in a hostel.

Hotels

Toronto has a wide variety of hotels that can suit every budget.

Hostels

Toronto has several youth hostels, including ones in the downtown area. Global Village Backpackers at Spadina and King is perhaps most famous, with its garish colour scheme. Equally well-situated is a Hostelling International located at the foot of Church Street or Canadiana Backpackers Inn located on Widmer street.

Bed & Breakfast

Another popular alternative for over nighters are bed & breakfasts, of which Toronto has hundreds, many of them in the downtown core. Prices range from $60 to several hundred dollars depending on the house and amenities offered. The Toronto Townhouse [85] are Toronto Tourism award winners and still is one of the better ones. They have two locations - one in Cabbagetown and the other in the Annex area.

Another popular inexpensive place is Castlegate Inn Toronto Bed and Breakfast [86] because of its proximity to the Spadina subway station and the University of Toronto.

International students often prefer to study in Toronto because of its safety, proximity to other tourist destinations, and favourable exchange rates and visa policies. However, despite its status as the largest city in the country and Canada's economic centre, it is surprisingly under-served by universities. This lack of post-secondary education has led to the development of major universities in the mid-sized cities that surround Toronto: the University of Waterloo and Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, the University of Guelph in Guelph, Brock University in St. Catharines and Trent University in Peterborough. The universities in Toronto remain some of the best in the country:

• The University of Toronto [87] (Canada's largest) is spread out all over the city (including the main downtown campus, an East-end Scarborough campus, and University of Toronto at Mississauga (UTM) in the neighbouring city of Mississauga). This university is consistently rated among the top three in the country and is part of the "Canadian Ivy League." Due to its size, the University of Toronto's downtown campus, known as the St George campus, after the street that runs through it, has its own "sphere of influence," turning the surrounding neighbourhoods into miniature college towns, with plenty of bars, restaurants, bookshops, grocery stores and cheap take-out joints.
• York University [88] (the third largest in Canada) is on the northern border of the city, though the original Glendon College campus at Bayview and Lawrence is still in existence. Its location is the main drawback to this university; however, there is a regular bus - route 106 - that connects Downsview subway station on the end of the University-Spadina line to the bus loop at the centre of the campus. More conveniently there is a regular express bus - route 196 - that takes 'bus only' lanes for quick access to Downsview Subway station.
• Ryerson University [89] is in the heart of the downtown core. It was once a polytechnic, but is now Toronto's third university. The university is particularly well known for its school of management, as well as its journalism program. Its campus is centred on the Kerr Hall, which forms a square around a central quad, it fills the block bounded by Gould, Gerrard, Victoria and Church streets. Ryerson also has buildings throughout this section of the city, including the Ted Rogers School of Management, at Bay and Dundas streets.

• Ontario College of Art and Design which is located at Queen Street West and Spadina.

• Seneca College [90] (Canada's largest college) is spread out over the city with over 16 campuses of varying sizes.

• George Brown College [91] has two campuses: St. James (downtown) and Casa Loma (midtown).

• Humber College [92] has two campuses: Lakeshore and North.

Toronto, like other Canadian cities, also has dozens of English as a Second Language (ESL) schools. The largest association of private English and French language schools is the Canadian Association of Private Language Schools [93].

Calling

For an emergency, dial 911 (you can dial it at the pay phone without putting in any coins).

Local calls at the pay phone cost 50 cents. Local calls are not metered, so you can talk as long as you want. However, due to the popularity of cellphones, there are fewer pay phones than before; but contrary to what some believe, they are not disappearing, rather there are fewer street booths than were found 10 years ago. Despite this, most large public facilities still have ample pay phones to use. In malls, pay phones are usually located between the inner and outer doors at the entrances.

In addition, many public facilities (such as shopping malls) now also have phones which provide free local calls, which are funded by advertisements run on colour LCD screens. Watch for large, wall-mounted ovals in high-traffic areas.

Toronto has two area codes: 416 and 647. These area codes overlap. That is, they are both associated with the same geographic area. The suburban areas outside of the city also have two overlapping area codes, 905 and 289. As a result, Toronto has 10-digit local dialling. You must always dial the area code as part of the number you are trying to reach.

International calling cards are widely available to many countries for reasonable rates.

Internet

Toronto is a city with many internet cafés, especially on Yonge Street around Bloor, and also on Bloor Street between Spadina and Bathurst. It's not hard to find a place to call home and the costs are relatively low, from $3 for 30 minutes. However, currently internet cafés are opening and closing at an astounding rate, so on repeat visits to the city, you may find that the one you used last time has disappeared. For a guide to some of them, see YYZTech's Internet cafe reviews online [94]. Most major hotels offer high-speed internet in their rooms and in their business centres. Many coffee shops, donut shops and some food courts in the downtown core offer wireless, high-speed (some free, some not). The widespread availability of high-speed internet access in homes, businesses and hotels means that internet cafes are largely becoming a thing of the past.

Toronto Hydro Telecom operates a public WiFi network called One Zone [95] that covers six square kilometres in the downtown core. Rates are $4.99 for one hour, $9.99 for a day, or $24.99 for a month, but you must have a cell phone capable of receiving text messages to access the network.

Free internet access is available on computers at Toronto Public Library [96] branches, and the Toronto Reference Library [97] also provides free wireless access on the first two floors.

Toronto's two main dailies are the Star [98] and the Sun [99]. The Star is a broadsheet that tends to lean liberal and is the more serious of the two and the Sun is a tabloid that tends to lean conservative. Canada's two national dailies, the Globe and Mail [100] and the National Post [101], are published in Toronto and tend to focus more on that city than anywhere else. The Globe has ties with Bay Street banks and has endorsed The Conservative party in the last few elections. The National Post is more right-leaning and owned by the Asper family of Winnipeg. Toronto also has a free daily, Metro [102], which reports on local, national and international news and includes movie and television listings. Metro is distributed in boxes on the street and in subway stations.

Free weekly newspapers, distributed from boxes on street corners and in racks in stores and restaurants can be good sources of information on cinema, dining, music, theatre, and other events and local news:

• Eye Weekly [103] - Comes out on Thursdays.
• Now Toronto [104] - Comes out on Thursdays.

Depending on where you go in Toronto, you will be able to find locally printed newspapers in a variety of languages. For example, in Chinatown, you will find Chinese newspapers. In "Little Italy", you'll find Italian newspapers. You'll also find newspapers in Spanish, Portuguese, Persian, Arabic, Tagalog, Greek and more.

Crime

On the whole, Toronto is remarkably safe and the streets are vibrant with pedestrians and bicyclists, even at night in most neighbourhoods. If you use common sense, you should have no trouble at all: don't walk around alone late at night and be aware of your surroundings. Avoid the club/entertainment district at closing time, as fights between drunken patrons do occur, rarely escalating to where weapons become involved. Police have recently increased their presence in the club district (Richmond St area) to limit problems, but caution is still advised. There are few (if any) violence issues around hipster areas.

Toronto's downtown core has a series of safe, underground interconnected shopping centres called the PATH. These are frequently used by locals and tourists to escape harsh weather while comfortably navigating the core. Be aware; the PATH system, while very safe, is somewhat confusing, and is largely abandoned and shuttered after business hours and on weekends. Refer frequently to the posted maps or ask a security guard or store clerk for directions as needed.

The overall violent crime rate in Canada, and particularly in Toronto, is much lower than that found in major cities the United States. Petty crime is generally not a problem in Toronto, but as always is the case, keep vigilant with your possessions. One exception to relatively low crime rates is that both car and bike theft are comparable to other large North American cities.

There are, of course, neighbourhoods which are known in the media and on the street as being more dangerous, though police statistics are not commonly used to justify these beliefs. Nevertheless, while assaults and other crimes can happen anywhere, especially late at night when few people are around, it is reasonable advice to avoid certain areas (again, generally late at night). These areas include Crescent Town, Regent Park, Parkdale, Jane and Finch ("Jane Corridor"), Lawrence Heights, Flemingdon Park/Victoria Village, the Peanut (ie. Don Mills and Sheppard), Rexdale/Jamestown, Malvern, Weston-Mount Dennis, Kingston-Galloway, Steeles-L?Amoureaux, Dorset Park, Westminster-Branson and Eglinton East-Kennedy Park. It is advised to simply stay away from any "housing projects", slums, shanty towns, and other dodgy looking areas. Drugs, prostitution and violent crime do occur. The good thing is these neighbourhoods become noticeably worse from a visual standpoint, giving the casual tourist ample time to turn around. Armed robbery occurs rarely and mainly in poor neighbourhoods at odd hours.

Homeless

Toronto also has a large homeless population, many of whom will ask you for money. If you do not want to offer them money, simply look the panhandler in the eye and say "No thank you" or simply ignore them. There have been several recent occurrences of over aggressive pan-handlers, with one resulting in a fatality. As a result, if a pan-handler becomes aggressive, move away quickly and alert a police officer. Toronto has a larger homeless population than many other similar-sized cities because there is a law allowing homeless people to remain on the sidewalk, as long as they are not aggressive.

Pedestrians

Be careful when getting off the streetcars and look always to your right before leaving the car. Although vehicles are supposed to stop when the streetcar doors open, some motorists and cyclists will ignore this and keep going.

Weather

For the average tourist, Toronto's weather can present some inconveniences. Among the major world tourist cities, Toronto has the third-coldest winter temperatures, comparable to Chicago or Boston, but not as cold as say, Moscow or Montreal. Mild periods do occur melting accumulated snowfall from time to time, but nevertheless you must come prepared and dress warmly, preferably in layers as conditions are changeable. The average January high/low temperature in Toronto is -1°C/-7°C. In January, February, and early March, temperatures can drop as low as -30°C or colder factoring in the biting windchill. Exposed skin will freeze in minutes at these temperatures. In July, the average max/min is 27°C/18°C with sometimes hot, humid conditions, but the city has many parks or public spaces with gardens to cool off. Most evenings are a little muggy. Bring an umbrella at any time of the year, rain and/or snow are common during the colder season and sudden, usually brief thunderstorms are frequent in summer; however, you will experience sunshine on most days.

Areas north of the city experience a colder winter and more frequent poor driving conditions with snow drifts and icy conditions, as well as more severe summer storms. Avoid river/creek banks or bridge underpasses during periods of excessive rain or melting snow.

On occasion, during the winter months, Toronto will be hit with a severe winter storm accompanied by significant snowfall (quite often mixed with freezing rain/ice/sleet), be prepared for possible travel delays. Avoid driving during and immediately after the storms if at all possible. This is especially true for those unfamiliar with winter driving and controlling a car in a skid. Take the public transit or stay inside. Only in the most severe storms or after a series of storms, however, surface transit and air travel can be significantly delayed or even shut down altogether.

• Bangladesh, 55 Avenue Road, East Tower Suite 2250, ? +1 416 964-4408 (fax: +1 416 964-4333), [105].  edit
• China, 240 St. George Street, ? +1 416 964-7260.  edit
• Italy, 136 Beverley Street, ? +1 416 977-1566 (fax: +1 416 977-1119), [106].  edit
• Netherlands, 1 Dundas Street West, Suite 2106, ? +1-877-DUTCHHELP (nfo@dutchhelp.com, fax: +1 416 598-8064), [107].  edit
• South Africa, 110 Sheppard Avenue East, Suite 600, ? +1 416 944-8825 (fax: +1 416 944-0925), [108].  edit
• United Kingdom, 777 Bay Street, Suite 2800, ? +1 416 593-1290 (britcon.toronto@fco.gov.uk, fax: +1 416 593-1229), [109].  edit
• United States, 360 University Avenue, ? +1 416 595-1700 (fax: +1 416 595-1090), [110].  edit

Toronto is a great starting point for exploring southern Ontario. The Niagara Region, including Niagara Falls and Niagara on the Lake, is about an hour's drive south of Toronto. For those wanting to go to the United States from Toronto, Buffalo and Western New York state is about a 1.5 hour drive from Toronto. The Canadian capital of Ottawa is about a 4.5 hour drive from Toronto. The Niagara Escarpment, is a world biosphere, protected by UN mandate running from the Falls west to Hamilton then northward to Georgian Bay, its covered by forest with high cliff views along the Bruce Trail bordering the western edge of the Greater Toronto Area, at its closest point about is about an 1/2 hour drive from the western end of Toronto.

The Waterloo Region, which is 1 hour west has large univeristy campuses, rolling farm hills and Mennonite culture.

Muskoka,about 2 hours north, and The Kawarthas 1.5 hours northeast, are cottage country areas with more rocky and hilly terrain speckled with hundreds of lakes and waterways. These regions are known for their country inns, cottages, spas/resorts, provincial parks, and a wealth of outdoor activities including camping, fishing/hunting, nature viewing, and hiking set amongst natural beauty.

There are also several golden sand beaches along the clean fresh waters of the Great Lakes that are ideal for hot summer days. Popular beach destinations within 1.5 - 2.5 hours of Toronto include Wasaga Beach, Sauble Beach, Sandbanks, Grand Bend, Long Point, and Turkey Point.

Routes through Toronto

Barrie ← Vaughan ←	N  S	→ ENDS
London ← Mississauga ←	W  E	→ Pickering → Oshawa
Hamilton ← Mississauga ←	W  E	→ ENDS